Functional constipation12/19/2023 ![]() The term “functional” may imply the absence of an organic etiology and emphasizes behavioral factors (see below) as the main drivers of the disease ( 6, 7). In equivocal cases or the presence of red flags, ancillary investigations can be used to rule out organic causes such as Hirschsprung's disease, anorectal malformations, pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction, hypothyroidism, and celiac disease ( 8). FC is a clinical entity that can be diagnosed based on the child's bowel habits, signs and symptoms, and according to the Rome IV criteria ( 6– 8). FC is characterized by decreased bowel movements and/or hard stools and can be complicated by retentive fecal incontinence ( 5). FC also causes a significant burden on healthcare resources through the frequent use of costly medical services ( 3, 4). In this review, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical studies that focus on the potential mechanisms through which the gut microbiome might contribute to the clinical presentation of functional constipation in pediatrics.įunctional constipation (FC) is a common condition in childhood ( 1) which causes significant distress and impairs the quality of life of children and parents ( 2). The refractory and chronic nature of constipation highlights the importance of considering a range of pathophysiological mechanisms, including the potential role of the gut microbiome. While the term “functional” may imply the absence of organic causes with a focus on behavioral aspects, 40% of children continue to have symptoms beyond conventional management with one in four children continuing to experience constipation into adulthood. Functional constipation is characterized by decreased bowel movements and/or hard stools, which cause significant distress for children and their caregivers. 4Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canadaįunctional constipation is a common condition in childhood with significant impact on patients' quality of life and on health care resources.3College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.2Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. ![]() 1Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico.Ratcliffe 4 and Erick Manuel Toro Monjaraz 1 David Avelar Rodriguez 1,2 *, Jelena Popov 3, Elyanne M.
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